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Documentation to the Program IntCalc / IntCalcDeutsch Version 1.11 February 1993 ******** ** ** ******** ****** ****** ** ****** ******** *** ** ******** ******** ******** ** ******** ** **** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ******** ** ** ** ** **** ** ** ** ** ** ** ******** ** *** ** ******** ** ** ******** ******** ******** ** ** ** ****** ** ** ******** ****** Written by Stefan Schulz Copyright (c) 1992/93 by Stefan Schulz (StS) All rights reserved CONTENTS IntCalc-Documentation Version 1.11 0 Contents I 1 Introduction 1 1.1 About this Documentation 1 1.2 Systemrequirement 1 1.3 What is IntCalc 1 1.4 The History of IntCalc 1 1.5 About the Author 2 1.6 Distribution 2 1.6.1 Copyrights 2 1.6.2 Updates 3 1.6.3 A little request 3 2 Functions-description 4 2.1 Starting up 4 2.2 Usage 4 2.2.1 The Gadgets 4 2.2.1.1 Close-Gadget 5 2.2.1.2 Depth-Gadget 5 2.2.1.3 Gadgets "0" to "9" and "A" to "F" 6 2.2.1.4 Mode-Gadget 6 2.2.1.5 Functions-Gadgets 6 2.2.1.6 Bracket-Gadgets 6 2.2.1.7 "CLR"-Gadget 6 2.2.1.8 "CE"-Gadget 6 2.2.1.9 "<-"-Gadget 6 2.2.1.10 Memory-Gadgets 7 2.2.2 The Displays 7 2.2.2.1 Main-Display 7 2.2.2.2 OpCode-Field 7 2.2.2.3 Memory-Field 7 2.2.3 Calculator-Attributes 8 2.2.3.1 Notation, Priorities and Limits 8 2.2.3.2 Special case: Power-function 8 2.2.3.3 Errormessages during calculation 8 2.2.3.4 End of program 9 2.2.4 The Sleep-Mode 10 2.2.4.1 HotKeys 10 2.2.4.2 Just gone sleep if called 10 2.2.5 Keyboard-usage 10 Appendix A Update-Story 11 B Future-Story 11 C References 11 C.1 Equipment 11 D Acknowledgements 11 E Address 12 F Sorry 12 - I - V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 1 § 1 - Introduction IntCalc is a 32-Bit-Integer-Calculator operating to the typical bases 2 (Binary), 8 (Octal), 10 (Decimal) and 16 (Sedecimal). It supports the four standartoperations addition, subtraction, divi- sion and multiplication as well as the operations power, negation and modulo. Further a simple memory and infinite bracketlevels are implemented. o 1.1 - About this Documentation This document consists of two parts. The first part (this on) will tell you about general informations to the program. In the second part follows a detailed explanation of functions etc. o 1.2 - System-Requirements IntCalc should run at any Amiga system with Kickstart 1.2 or higher and with any configuration. If it does not, please approach me. My Address follows at the end of this documentation. IntCalc needs in the actual version no additional programs or libraries not included by original Operating System. o 1.3 - What is IntCalc IntCalc opens a pocket-calculator-like surface you can ..er.. well.. calculate on. Both mouse and keyboard may be used for every action. The order of gadgets refers to the order of a Keyboard, except of Amiga 600 ones. An additional feature is the "Sleep-Mode", whereby the program will be switched to the background. Awaking the program it will appear at the first screen if possible. Because of this it is well qualified for programming, since you can open it anytime at your editor-screen, or probably let it disappear. o 1.4 - The history of IntCalc Programming around I noticed often to use my pocket calculator computing something or just transforming decimal to sedecimal re- presentation of numbers. Working with a computer I asked myself why not using a computer for computations, even my pocket calcula- tor has got no 32-Bit-Integers using the binary mode. I never found a usable program, which could be used at any screen. So I began to write a program on my own, and here it is. V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 2 o 1.5 - About the Author I, Stefan Schulz - Author of this program - am 23 years old and at present I study Informatic at the University of Kaiserslautern. Starting study I thought about it like most of the people think, even Informatic is an expanded course of programming, never failed so much again. In real life less time programming rather learning theoretic or mathematic things about algorithms and so on. About a few years I am programming at Amiga using the M2Amiga- Development-System by A+L AG. It has not to be Assembler writing programs, even it is not worth-while programming greater software in low-level-languages, either prefering structured programming. Freeware means to me placing software to anybodys disposal free for charge. Furthermore I think every programmer must get the possibility to learn new things or compare with own programs, may be a learning effect appears. So I also pass all the sources with the program living in hope of responses. Well, just because of this here follows the section 1.6 where I tell you about the Distribution, since somebody is out there and wants to make money whithout permission. o 1.6 - Distribution 1.6.1 - Copyrights (c) Copyright 1992/93 byStefan Schulz (StS) This program is FREEWARE. That means, you can spread this program as long as no fee is made except to meet your charges. !! Through this I forbid the DISTRIBUTION of this program at !! PD-One-Program-Disks and also at PD-Series where the price !! exceeds 5 $ respectivly the equivalent amount in the currency !! of your country. !! Exceptions are ONLY possible owning a (hand)written Permission !! of the Author (hey that's me!). If anybody found this program having above attributes, please tell me. Any other PD-Serie may embed it without any question when they tell it to me with well detailed informations. If there exists a new version, I can inform you avoiding spreading an old version of my program. V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 3 If this program is not still for using at disk or harddisk this textfile HAS TO BE with the program at this medium even in an UN- CHANGED FORM. So, please, if possible, do not copy this program single, because there may be anyone who does not understand the program to use without any documentation. I have never had one, I have never heared about and I am very sure that there is none, nevertheless: ! The Author is not liable for any direct or indirect caused ! damage using this program. 1.6.2 - Updates To get the newest version of this program just send an complete addressed and sufficient stamped envelope and a disk. For Comments, Questions, Errors or whatever: My Address follows at the end of this Documentation. 1.6.3 - A little request Just a little request: If you got this program, please send me a postcard, may be anonymus. Please tell me how and where you got this program and which version it is. Thank you for doing. V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 4 § 2 - Functions-description This is the part of the documentation, where all the functions and attributes of IntCalc will be explained as detailed as need- ful. o 2.1 - Starting up IntCalc could be started up by CLI as well as by Workbench. Neither any parameters nor ToolTypes are required or will be used. The wholy operations are only accessable about the opened Window. There are at present two similar versions of IntCalc. The eng- lish one named IntCalc and the german one called IntCalcDeutsch. The only difference between both versions is the language used for communication. To run the program from CLI just call: IntCalc respectively IntCalcDeutsch To run it from Workbench just double-click the program-icon. There can only be ONE IntCalc at the same Time!! Running more than one times the user got a message-requester which announce this fact to him. This limitation based upon the intention that it does not make sense running a program twice or more times which anyway runs in the background and is portable to (nearly) any of the screens used by other programs. Just wasting memory. o 2.2 - Usage If the program starts and no Requester containing an Error- message appears, a window with a lot of Gadgets and Texts will be opened. 2.2.1 - The Gadgets The descriptions following in this second part of documentation refer to the following schematic representation. V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 5 The window looks nearly like this: DepthGadgets ------------------\-\ (since Kick 2.0 still one) | | +---------------------------------------------+v+v+ CloseGadget -->|IntCalc V1.11 |#|#| +---------------------------------------------+-+-+ |+-----------------------------------------------+| Main-Display ---> 0|| |+-----------------------------------------------+| |+---++---+ +---++---++---++---++---++---+| OpCode -------> || | | A || B || C || D || E || F || |+---++-^-+ +---++---++---++---++---++---+| | | +---++-----++-----++---++---++---++---+| Memory -----+------/ |<- || CLR || CE || ( || ) || ÷ || × || | +---++-----++-----++---++---++---++---+| | +---++---++---++---+| | | 7 || 8 || 9 || - || | +---++---++---++---+| |+-----+ +---+ +---++---++---++---+| || x^y | |MR | | 4 || 5 || 6 || + || |+-----+ +---+ +---++---++---++---+| |+-----++-----++---++---++---++---++---++---++---+| || +/- || MOD ||M+ ||MS ||M- || 1 || 2 || 3 || || |+-----++-----++---++---++---++---++---++---+| = || |+---------------------------++--------+ | || Mode ------->|@| Decimal || 0 | | || |+---------------------------++--------+ +---+| +-------------------------------------------------+ 2.2.1.1 - Close-Gadget The Close-Gadget has more than one functions. First it may be used setting the program into the "Sleep"-Mode. This will be done just by clicking the Close-Gadget. The window will be closed and the program still waits in the background for receiving the re- activating Hot-Keys (-»2.2.4). All actual entered values and operations are recognized and wont get lost. When reactivating the program the actual status before sleeping will be recovered. Holding down any Shift-Key during clicking the Close-Gadget the program will be stopped. The window will be closed and all resour- ces being used will be freed. Another function of the Close-Gadget is described in the later following section 2.2.3.2, because only in that special case it has the effect which is declared then. V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 6 2.2.1.2 - Depth-Gadget The Depth-Gadget has got the usual function. It lets you switch the window between fore- and background of a couple of windows, if there are any (with Kickstart 1.x there are two Gadgets). 2.2.1.3 - Gadgets "0" to "9" and "A" to "F" These 16 Gadgets are usable to enter the number you want to calculate with. The effect of using one of these Gadgets demands upon the actual base you are computing with. For simplicity the Gadgets wont be deactivated. Therefore in binary mode only the numbers "0" and "1", in octal mode the numbers "0" to "7", in decimal mode the numbers "0" to "9" and in sedecimal mode all numbers have got an effect. 2.2.1.4 - Mode-Gadget Using this Gadget you can choose the mode you want to compute with. See also section 2.2.3.1 2.2.1.5 - Functions-Gadgets The Gadgets "+", "-", "×" and "÷" have got the usual function as pocket computer have got. Remember that all operations working with integers, so "÷" is an Integer-Division. The gadget "x^y" corresponds to the Power-Function, the "+/-"- Gadget to the Negation and the "MOD"-Gadget to the Modulo- or also Remainder-Function. 2.2.1.6 - Bracket-Gadgets Well, these Gadgets have got the usual functionality brackets have got when computing. 2.2.1.7 - "CLR"-Gadget Using the "CLR"-Gadget (Clear) the calucator will be resetted, i.e., all entered functions and numbers will be killed out of me- mory, except the memory of course. 2.2.1.8 - "CE"-Gadget The "CE"-Gadget (ClearEntry) clears the actual entry. 2.2.1.9 - "<-"-Gadget Removes the last digit of an entered number. V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 7 2.2.1.10 - Memory-Gadgets To memorize a number the usual four pocket calculator functions are implemented. The "MR"-Gadget (Memory Recall) gets the memorized value and puts it to the display. The "MS"-Gadget (Memory Store) stores the actual value into the memory-buffer. The "M+"-Gadget (Memory Add) adds the actual value to the memo- rized one. The "M-"-Gadget (Memory Sub) subtracts the actuial value from the memorized one. 2.2.2 - The Displays The description of the display refer to the presentation in section 2.2.1. 2.2.2.1 - Main-Display The Main-Display is 32 Character long and will be used totally only in binary mode. Here the actual (inter-)results, the actual input of a number and errors, coming up during calculation, will be displayed. 2.2.2.2 - OpCode-Field In this field the actual OpCode of next to be calculated operation will be displayed. Herefore the following symbols will be used: + Addition - Subtraction * Multiplication / Division \ Modulo ^ Power 2.2.2.3 - Memory-Field If a "M" is displayed in this field, then there is a not null value memorized. Else the memory is empty. V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 8 2.2.3 - Calculator-Attributes 2.2.3.1 - Notation, Priorities and Limits IntCalc works with the usual infix-notation. That means the or- der of entering a calculation is operand operator operand. For Example: To calculate the product of 3 and 0 the following actions may be performed: Gadget 3 Gadget * Gadget 0 Gadget = The Result will appear at the main-display. All calculations are done with the usual priority. That means brackets before point- before stroke-calculations. The only ex- ception of any priority is the negation-operation, because of this function only needs one operand, even the actual one, it will be performed DIRECTLY. The representation of negative numbers is ONLY possible while decimal mode. Any other mode negative numbers will be displayed in computer-intern presentation with a leading 1. During computing IntCalc does NOT care about limit-overflows. These limits using 32-Bit-Numbers are: for Binary: 0 bis 11111111111111111111111111111111 for Octal: 0 bis 37777777777 for Decimal: -2147483648 bis 2147483647 for Sedecimal: 0 bis FFFFFFFF For Example in decimal mode: 2147483647 + 1 = -2147483648 2.2.3.2 - Special-case: Power-function The power-function needs at present with great numbers a lot of time to calculate the result (if there is no turbo). Therefore you can break computing using the Close-Gadget (NOT the equivalent key). After this a message appears at main-display which has to be answered by the "CLR"-Gadget. 2.2.3.3 - Errormessages during calculation If any error appears during computing a message will be shown at main-display. This message must be answered by using the "CLR"- Gadget. The following Errors may appear: V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 9 a) "ERROR: Divide by 0" During computation has been devided by 0. ( Comes up using "÷" and "MOD" when the second operand is equal to 0 ) b) "ERROR: Undefined Power" Two Powers are not defined - 0 to the 0 power - negative exponents (this is an integer-calculator) c) "ERROR: Calculator-Stack-Overflow" The Number of operations is so high, that no memory is available for further Entries. This Error appears only if memory is filled up with foreign programs and datas or thousands of bracket- levels being used. 2.2.3.4 - End of program Finishing the program first all needed resources being freed. Possibly the program itself cannot be removed, because of the Screen-Patch cannot be removed. The sense of the Screen-Patch: In active mode the IntCalc-Window is anywhere at a foreign screen. If anyone want to close this screen, probably the owner of the screen, the Screen-Patch safes that the window will be closed before closing the screen. May be other programs patched the CloseScreen-Routine too, the correct address before patching could not re-set. So IntCalc waits upon it could do. In this case a requester appears at the screen containing the refering message. If the program finally could be removed another requester shows this to you. 2.2.4 - The Sleep-Mode 2.2.4.1 - HotKeys Mentioned in 2.2.1.1 IntCalc may be switched to Sleep-mode by using the Close-Gadget. The window disappears and IntCalc runs in the background. To awake the program there a HotKeys, IntCalc is waiting for when sleeping. These Hotkeys are still a combination of Keys, the program is looking for. IntCalc looks for two of these HotKeys: V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 10 a) <Ctrl>-<Alt>-<C> : This combination of keys awakes the program. The status of before going to sleep will be recovered. The window appears at the first screen! b) <Ctrl>-<Alt>-<Shift>-<C> : The program stops. See 2.2.3.4 for further information about finishing the program. 2.2.4.2 - Just gone sleep if called In case just a requester appears by calling up IntCalc with the following contents: "Have to go sleep...", the window could not be opened at the first screen. The program does not abort but just enter the Sleep-Mode. 2.2.5 - Keyboard-usage Instead of gadgets you can use keys to use the calculator. To any gadget there are one or more keys with the similar function the gadget performes. REMARK: The window must be activated!! Here follows a list of all gadgets and equivalent Keys: Gadget(s) | Key(s) ----------------+---------------------------------------------- 0 to 9 | 0 to 9 (also Numerik Pad) A to F | A to F (also lower case and F5 to F10) ( | (,[,{ (also Numerik Pad) ) | ),],} (also Numerik Pad) ÷ | / (also Numerik Pad) × | * (also Numerik Pad) - | - (also Numerik Pad) + | + (also Numerik Pad) = | <Return> (also <Enter>) x^y | H (also lower case) MOD | M (also lower case and \) +/- | N (also lower case) CE | <Help> CLR | <Del> <- | Backspace < <- > MR | Cursorkey: Arrow up MS | Cursorkey: Arrow down M+ | Cursorkey: Arrow right M- | Cursorkey: Arrow left Mode | <Spacebar> Close | <Esc> (except special case 2.2.3.2) <Shift>-Close | <Shift>-<Esc> V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 11 Appendix A - Update Story Version 1.00 done in august 1992 (old name CalcBoy) Version 1.01 done in september 1992 (old name CalcBoy removed a little bug still producing a guru Version 1.10 done in january 1993 created two-language-version, rewritten docu- mentation (totally new) new screenpatch-routine Version 1.11 done in february 1993 no longer ugly mistakes using other fonts than topaz under kick since 2.0 Appendix B - Future Story What I want to do in future with IntCalc: - Supporting locale.library (when appears) - Speed up the Power-Function - Signed AND unsigned numbers Anhang C - References C.1 - Equipment To create this program there where some instruments used: + M2Amiga Development-System Version 4.0 by A+L AG, Swiss + CygnusEd Professional release 2.12 by CygnusSoft Software developed by ASDG Inc. + DirectoryOpus v3.41 by Jonathan Potter developed by INOVAtronics + Commodore Amiga 500 revision 5.2, Kickstart 1.2, 1.3 and 2.0 + Kickstart-Switch by HK/Vector, Cologne + SUPRA 500XP - Hard-Disk with 2 MByte external memory + Golden Image GI-6000 + MMBShift by Preben Nielsen (Public Domain - FF547) Appendix D - Acknowledgments Thanks go to: * Marting Buch and Heiko Schulz - discovering nearly at the same time an error in the program V1.10 IntCalc Documentation Page 12 Appendix E - Address This is my actual address, mentioned some times before in this documentation: Stefan Schulz Kurt-Schumacher-Straße 48 D-6750 Kaiserlautern (Germany) This address is probably valid until September 1994! Even E-Mail is possible as long as my address is valid: s_schul@poker.informatik.uni-kl.de Appendix F - Sorry Yes, I am very very sorry about my ugly english. Please do not curse me about it.